Written by Jane Kuang | Copyedited by Dana Sorensen

I was born and raised in a small city where English education was not advanced at that time. My curiosity about the English language and my struggle to break through my language limitations led me to attend the Plain Language and Editing programs at Simon Fraser University. The sense of vulnerability and the disquieting dependence on others for support bothered me for a long time until I learned to face my limits with grace and improve within my capacity. 

Now, as an emerging editor who worked as a paralegal in litigation for a decade, I have witnessed firsthand the communication barriers that arise from differences in language and culture. 

Lawyers and clients often struggle to understand one another due to these discrepancies. Traditional legal writing is frequently criticized for being overly technical and confusing, with historical reliance on Latin further widening the gap between social classes and making legal language inaccessible to many. 

This complexity not only alienates those without specialized knowledge but also limits public understanding of the law. Drawing on my professional background and what I learned in the Plain Language program, I believe it’s vital that our legal communications reflect the principles of plain language. Clear and simplified language not only enhances public understanding but also helps identify logical flaws in arguments. 

While some legal issues require detailed analysis, the ability to convey points concisely remains essential. Here are some strategies for promoting clarity in contemporary legal communication:

1. Use Simplified Words: Opt for common words over legal jargon. For example:

• “In the event that” → “if”
• “For the reason that” → “because
• “Covering the period of time from xx to xx” → “from xx to xx”
• “With reference to” → “regarding”
• “At the present time” → “currently” or “now”

2. Short Sentences: Break down complex structures into simpler ones.

3. Active Voice: Use active voice to enhance clarity. For instance, say “The landlord must return the deposit” instead of “The deposit must be returned by the landlord.”

4. Organized Structure: Utilize headings, bullet points, and lists to present information clearly.

5. Define Terms: Provide clear definitions for necessary legal terms. For example:

• Plaintiff: The person or group suing.
• Defendant: The person or group being sued.
• Litigation: The process of suing or being sued.
• Jurisdiction: A court’s authority to hear a case.
• Tort: A wrongful act that causes harm or loss.
• Subpoena: A legal order to appear in court or provide evidence.
• Affidavit: A sworn written statement used as evidence.
• Discovery: The process of sharing information and gathering evidence before trial.
• Appeal: Requesting a higher court to review a lower court’s decision.
• Damages: Money paid for harm or loss.
• Breach of Contract: Not following the terms of a contract.
• Mediation: Resolving disputes with the help of a neutral third party.
• Settlement: An agreement to resolve a dispute without going to trial.

6. Focus on the Reader: Tailor language to the audience’s literacy level to enhance understanding.

Cultural Influences on Language and Intelligence

I also find it important to remember how cultural context shapes how we perceive and value language and intelligence. Different cultures prioritize varying knowledge forms and communication styles, affecting how language skills are developed. Recognizing an audience’s cultural background is crucial for effective communication. For example, some cultures may value directness, while others prioritize harmony and politeness, which can impact how information is received.

Plain Language and My Editing Journey

I want to enhance my communication skills and help others—like myself—who seek clarity in their expression. Initially, stepping out of my comfort zone into the editing field was intimidating, but it ultimately brought me profound freedom and joy. This transformative experience disrupted my routines and thought patterns, encouraging me to embrace a broader sense of self. It became a deeply spiritual journey, allowing me to confront fears and limitations that once held me back. Through trial and error, I challenged my preconceived notions and expanded my understanding of myself and my surroundings.

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Jane Kuang has nine years of experience in civil, family, and personal injury litigation and five years as a business analyst. Pursuing continuous learning in plain language and editing, she earned her Certificate in Editing from SFU in 2023. Jane’s curiosity about exploring diverse subjects has helped her better understand the world and enhance her ability to communicate effectively

Dana Sorensen is an equity trader and editor. She holds a BA in Economics from the University of Calgary and certificates in Professional Editing and Writing and Editing for Business from Mount Royal University. She volunteers in various areas with Editors Canada and acts as a co-moderator for several editing groups on Facebook. She recently worked with teenage writers during a special Blue Pencil session. In her spare time, she is an avid reader and marathon runner.